Q. What exactly is Fermentation?

A. Fermentation is a natural process where the sugar in fresh grape juice undergoes a chemical reaction that converts it into alcohol. The agent of fermention is yeast, which is killed by the very alcohol it creates, thus halting the fermentation process. The yeast is killed when the level of alcohol reaches 12 - 14%. Hence, the common level of alcohol in most wines. The winemaker has certain control over this process, and in the sugar-alcohol balance, which can alter the end result as well as the overall taste and texture of the wine.

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